Ecotourism

Ecotourism

Ecotourism – a form of tourism foster learning experiences & appreciation of natural environment or some component within its associated cultural context

Four Jafaris Platforms

o Advocacy – ideal activity that results in negative impact

o Cautionary – activity leads to a negative environmental economics, socio cultural impact

o Adaptancy – supporting alternative tourism & ecotourism

o Knowledge based or alternative – appropriate alternative than mass tourism

Ecotourism & other Tourism Type

o Nature base tourism – anytype of tourism that relys on attraction directly related to the natural environment.

o Wildlife tourism - rapidly evolving subset of nature based tourism that characterized as being base on encounter with non-domesticated (wild animals) in non captive setting

o Cultural tourism – product should place its primary emphasize on the cultural component where as this element is secondary in ecotourism

o Adventure tourism – that incorporates an element of risk higher level of physical exertion & specialized skill to enable successful participation

o Example: diving, mountain biking, rock climbing, white water rafting

o Hybrids – interested in the architecture ecology of encroaching and the will of exploring the ruins ex: trekking

o ACE tourism (Adventure, Culture & Ecotourism)

o NEAT tourism (Nature, Ecotourism and Adventure tourism)

o SSS (3s) Sea, Sun, Sand – fits under the category of nature based tourism large scale and mass resort tourism

o Alternative & Mass tourism – small scale volume of tourist; mass tourism – large scale volume of tourism

o Sustainable tourism – adheres to the sustainable development & associated criteria of environmental socio cultural & economic sustainability

o Consumptive tourism – such as hunting & fishing that extract product from the natural environment

o Non-consumptive tourism – such as ecotourism & adventure tourism that provides experiences rather than tangible products

Types of Ecotourism activities

Nature observation & nature photography

Leaf piping

Birds/ whale watching (CETACEANS)

Dolphins in turquoise

PARADIGM and PARADIGM SHIFT

Paradigms – is a collective world view the entire constellation of beliefs, values, techniques and so on; shared by the community

Paradigms shift – the process where by one paradigms is gradually supplanted by another paradigm

Dominant, Western, Environmental Paradigm – relationship between human & environment

Technological Utopianism – world can be run by the use of modern technology

Environmental Movement – articulating its own on embracing paradigm as a challenge to conventional size

Bush Walker Movement – late 1900 consisting of largely urban, middle class individual organize into walking, clubs was instrumental in having a national parts & other protected areas established such as cradle mountain of Tasmanian

Green Paradigm – bio-centric environmentalist paradigm that is emerging as a challenge to the dominant western environmental paradigm

HARD and SOFT TECHNOLOGY

Hard Technology – destructive forms of technology such as those associated with nuclear energy & modern military hardware

Soft Technology – environmentally benign activity such as solar energy generation

GREEN CONSUMER & TRAVELERS

Green Consumer – a consumer whose behavior is influenced by consideration of the environmental implication of their actions

Green Traveler – consumer who’s environmentally and socially contentious behavior is reflected in their travel purchases & patterns

The Green Traveler & Travel Industry

Travel Agency

Travel Agent

Tour Guide & Package

Tour Operator

Geotourist – environmentally & socio-culturally aware consumer who seek unique & authentic experiences when they travel

Green Globe – sustainability related goals originally monitored through self regulation

ECOTOURIST MARKET

o Market Segmentation – is the process whereby a market such as ecotourist is divided into distinct subcomponents

Motivation – attitude & behavior are often considered separately but are combined here. Motivation & attitude influence your behavior together they comprise the under lying dynamics of the hard ecotourist and soft ecotourist

Hard Ecotourist – strongly bio-centric and characterized as an ideal type by the desire for deep and meaningful interaction with natural setting minimal services orientation towards enhancement sustainability

Soft Ecotourist – more anthro-centric in perspective & prefers short term and diversionary contact with the natural environment